how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986

This data is usually enough to forecast future changes. The compounding effect of inflation would account for 63.37% of returns ($28.18) during this period. In other words, the purchasing power of 100 in 1956 equals 2,141.74 in 2021. How much is 400.00 the four hundred russian rubles is worth $5.31 (USD) today or five us dollars 31 cents as of 13:00PM UTC. The data is complemented with sources from other countries (see list below). Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1986 and today: Then plug in historical CPI values. NBER Working Paper Series 8963. The Soviet ruble officially will still be worth $1.70 on paper. $100 in 1986 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $272.97 today, an increase of $172.97 over 37 years. The current inflation rate compared to last year is now 6.41%. The PPP between Russian and the U.S.A. for a tall-sized latte from Starbucks is the price paid in Russia in U.S. dollars ($4.50) divided by the price paid in the United States in U.S. dollars . We utilize mid-market currency rates to convert RUB against USD currency pair. Keep an eye on this page and be aware of any changes. I've posted questions to H-Russia in the past. Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $172.97 and total percent change of 172.97%. For example, if you started with $1, you would need to end with $2.73 in order to "adjust" for inflation (sometimes refered to as "beating inflation"). This means that the PCE Index equates $100 in 1986 with $226.66 in 2023, a difference of $126.66. A year ago today, on this day, they provided the equivalent of 1,986.00 russian rubles for $18.30 us dollars, which is $8.09 less than it is now. These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. Is 400 rubles a lot? = 71.5 Botswana Pula. Top 5 most valuable coins of Tsarist Russia. The U.S. CPI was 109.6 in the year 1986 and 299.17 in 2023: $100 in 1986 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $272.97 in 2023. To solve this problem, in 1925-1927 the government had gold coins minted bearing the image of Nicholas II. For more information, please see our Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. The U.S. dollar has lost 63% its value since 1986. Glinskaya ordered the minting of coins that were more difficult to forge, in so doing establishing the silver ruble as the basic item of circulation and Russias first hard currency. So today, 400 rubles is about $6 USD. Recall that the converted amount is $272.97 when all items including food and energy are measured. 7.5g X 42.00=$315.00. Value of $400 from 1980 to 2023. The PCE Price Index is the U.S. Federal Reserve's preferred measure of inflation, compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Here's how some cities fared in 1986 to 2023 (figures shown are purchasing power equivalents of $100): San Diego, California experienced the highest rate of inflation during the 37 years between 1986 and 2023 (3.50%). This is a return on investment of 4,346.92%, with an absolute return of $43.47 on top of the original $1. At that time Russia faced a financial crisis caused by the lack of a national monetary system and a market flooded by counterfeit coinage. Worth - USSR 1 ruble 1964-1991 in the coin catalog at uCoin.net - International Catalog of World Coins. Commemorative coins of the Soviet Union: in 1965, the first circulation commemorative ruble coin was released celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany, during this year the first uncirculated mint-coin sets were also released and restrictions on coin collecting were eased. Public domain. How much was 800 rubles worth in 1986. For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of RUB to USD at currency exchanges across the globe. CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. : ; who is still alive from gomer pyle; 800 rubles to usd in 1986 chernobyl When using the core inflation measurement, $1 in 1986 is equivalent in buying power to $2.66 in 2023, a difference of $1.66. en English USD United States dollar. Published rates of inflation will vary depending on methodology. Sveriges Riksbank and Ekerlids, Stockholm. The inflation rate in Russia between 1993 and 2021 was 38,082.56%, which translates into a total increase of 38,082.56. In other words, it indicates how much are 100 worth today. 0.13316 USD. - Kitco.com. It was decided to take money on credit from the people and to issue copper equivalents, which could be exchanged back for silver rubles in the future. 0.01 3269272 US Dollars. The exchange rate of the Russian Ruble in relation to the United States Dollar on the chart, the table of the dynamics of the cost as a percentage for the day, week, month and year. - Sveriges Riksbank, rsbok, various years. Alternative measurements are sometimes used based on context and economic/political circumstances. . To get the total inflation rate for the 37 years between 1986 and 2023, we use the following formula: Plugging in the values to this equation, we get: There are multiple ways to measure inflation. http://www.kitco.com/charts/historicalgold.html and http://www.kitco.com/charts/historicalsilver.html. Coin catalog My collection Swap Users. Sveriges Riksbank and Ekerlids, Stockholm. From the beginning of the 2000s, and until 2014, Russians were used to buying a U.S. dollar for not more than 35 rubles, but with the Russia-Ukraine crisis and a sharp decrease in global oil prices everything started to change. The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates. The inflation rate in the United Kingdom between 1956 and 2021 was 2,041.74%, which translates into a total increase of 2,041.74. Compare this to the standard CPI measurement, which equates $1 with $2.73. Historically, hryvnia, ruble and dga were used in Kievan Rus and Muscovite until the 15th century. Experts reckon that today it could be worth $5-10 million. Empress Catherine II (the Great) therefore decided to introduce the first paper money, bank notes backed by the same silver rubles. As noted above, this yearly inflation rate compounds to produce an overall price difference of 172.97% over 37 years. During the entire Soviet period from 1917 to 1991, the card system was introduced four times - to deal with an acute shortage of food. 1 = $0.01 -$0.000038 (-0.29%) at the rate on 2023-03-01. Yet, it couldnt avoid sudden fluctuations due to sudden crises. In 1986 1 ruble was worth $1.3184 USD. The Russian Empire used silver rubles from 1704 to 1897 and gold rubles from 1897 to 1917. 5 RUB. Was an annual wage of 25 pounds per year in 1780 much compared to the wage rates at the time? By Rodney Edvinsson,(Professor in economic history, Stockholm University). This year, the situation continued to get even worse. How the ruble outlived its competitors and became Russia's currency (PICS). Public domain. Rodney Edvinsson, Tor Jacobson and Daniel Waldenstrm), 133-237. So today, 400 rubles is about $6 USD. These older type of Ruble banknotes no longer have a legal tender value. The average inflation rate of 2.75% has a compounding effect between 1986 and 2023. From the 15th century to 1704, the Russian tsardoms used the ruble. In the space of the following decade, the ruble experienced inflation and redenomination no fewer than four times. Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. Rodney Edvinsson, Tor Jacobson and Daniel Waldenstrm). To start, select an amount and two years, or browse the default calculation results. Here's how some cities fared in 1986 to 2023 (figures shown are purchasing power equivalents of $1): San Diego, California experienced the highest rate of inflation during the 37 years between 1986 and 2023 (3.50%). You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $13 for most people. Click on a category such as "Food" to toggle it on or off: For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1986. Elizabeth gold coin, 1755: $3 million. The Soviet ruble (Russian: ; see below for other languages of the USSR) was the currency of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) from 1917 and later the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). What would 100 Soviet rubles buy you in 1920s? The kopeck is the smallest Russian currency unit still in circulation today. This allowed the Soviet government to purchase the necessary goods abroad using coins with the image of the deposed and executed tsar of Imperial Russia. 1 RUB = 0.0131790 USD. 1 USD = 75.3621 RUB. 400 RUB to USD - Russian Rubles to US Dollars. 1 = $0.01 -$0.000047 (-0.35%) at the rate on 2023-02-15. You just converted 800 rubles to dollars with the exchange rate of 0.014 109, and 800 rub to usd is 11,2872 dollars. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account. 1 RUB = 0.0095600 GBP. It measures the change in prices of goods and services purchased by consumers. = 11589.61 Russian Rubles. But some carry decent numismatic (coin collector) value. In other words, the purchasing power of 100 in 1993 equals 38,182.56 in 2021. How much is 800 rubles worth in 1986. Expert's answer: In 1986, the official exchange rate was 0.7 Soviet rubles for 1 USD. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, father of Peter I (the Great), tried to hold a monetary reform to finance the Russo-Polish war of 16541667. In Canada, CA$1.00 in 1986 would be equivalent to CA$2.31 in 2023, an absolute change of CA$1.31 and a cumulative change of 130.66%. The PCE measured -46.30% inflation compared to standard CPI. You may use the following MLA citation for this page: $1 in 1986 2023 | Inflation Calculator. Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 20 Feb. 2023, https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1986?amount=1. Sources: The dollar had an average. How much is 400.00 - the four hundred russian rubles is worth $5.47 (USD) today or five us dollars 47 cents as of 14:00PM UTC.We utilize mid-market currency rates to convert RUB against USD currency pair. The Bank of Russia no longer exchanges these banknotes for a monetary value. This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1986 and 2023. Messages. - Officer, L. and Williamson, S, 2016, 'The Price of Gold, 1257 - Present', MeasuringWorth. Conversion rates Russian Ruble / US Dollar. Disappointed by the lack of clear resources on the impacts of inflation on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves as a valuable public tool. This means that today's prices are 2.73 times as high as average prices since 1986, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index. For example, in 1917, 100 rubles would buy $9, but by 1923 the same sum was worth only $0.00004. I should explain that my specialty is US history, but some of my recent projects have had a Russian dimension. The Consumer Price Index, used above, is the most common standard used globally. Compare us to your bank Send money with Wise. Core inflation averaged 2.68% per year between 1986 and 2023 (vs all-CPI inflation of 2.75%), for an inflation total of 165.99%. V. Stockholm: Norstedts. The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates. The last time the Constantine ruble was sold, back in 2004, it fetched $525,000. . Most people in Russia earn in the range of about 20,000-40,000 Rubles per month, more in big cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg), but still about 50,000-60,000 Rubles. Rodney Edvinsson, Tor Jacobson and Daniel Waldenstrm). - Edvinsson, R, 2010, 'Foreign exchange rates 1658-1803', in Historical Monetary and Financial Statistics for Sweden: Exchange rates, prices and wages 12772008 (eds. Results show only up to 2 decimal digits to favour readability. Are Soviet rubles worth anything? 1,985 RUB is equal to Alternatively, you may try converting US Dollars to Russian Rubles. - PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service, 'Foreign Currency Units per 1 U.S. Dollar, 1948-2014', http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca User Settings. This is a return on investment of 4,346.92%, with an absolute return of $4,346.92 on top of the original $100. As of today at 15:00PM UTC one thousand nine hundred eighty-six russian rubles is equal to 22.28 (GBP) or twenty-two pound sterlings 28 pence. Therefore, we can resolve the formula like this: 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |, n: Number of times the interest is compounded (i.e. Also, you can make a reverse calculation and find out the current value of 400 Dollars in Russian Rubles. Likewise, CCCP really stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, what we often call the Soviet Union. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. In the early 1920s the Soviet Union faced an unexpected challenge: Strictly opposed to the new communist regime, Western countries refused to accept payment for goods in the form of coins with Soviet symbols. A dollar today only buys 36.634% of what it could buy back then. Click here to find out more. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category. One kopeck is equivalent to one hundredth of a ruble and one ruble is currently worth 0.011. A dollar today only buys 36.630% of what it could buy back then. In the majority of cases, this data is sufficient to predict future changes. How much was 800 rubles 1986? Answer (1 of 3): If it is a 1860 silver ruble coin, it is 20.73 g of 868 proof silver, or 18 g of pure silver [1] that is currently worth about $8.3 [2] . Inflation data is provided by governments and international institutions on a monthly basis. Anna with chain, 1730: $1 million. The most favorable exchange rate for the current 7 days, was $5.34. Information displayed above may differ slightly from other S&P 500 calculators. 10 RUB. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.75% per year between 1986 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 172.97%. Below are a few examples of alternative measurements. The cost of 400 Russian Rubles in United States Dollars today is $5.42 according to the "Open Exchange Rates", compared to yesterday, the exchange rate decreased by -0.35% (by -$0.000047). About $1050 USD in 1986. How does the average Russian spend money? 100 rubles = $51 = one carthorse, or a second-hand piano in pre-revolutionary Russia. Rubles, so 400 Rubles is about $563 USD. By the end of the 19th century, gold had become the clear winner in the battle for the role of key currency backer. 400 RUB = 5.42 USD at the rate on 2023-02-15. - Reinhart, C, and Rogoff, K, 2002, 'The modern history of exchange rate arrangements: A reinterpretation'. Compared to the previous close exchange rate, US Dollar decreased by -0.28% (-0.0149) vs. Russian Ruble. What can you buy for 100 russian rubles? Witte replaced the silver ruble with a golden one, putting an end to the devaluation of the banknotes issued under Catherine (some of which were still in circulation), as well as to currency speculation. - Sveriges Riksbank, 1931, Statistiska tabeller. The Russian ruble has generally followed the trends of world monetary history. The PCE measured -46.30% inflation compared to standard CPI. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'inflationtool_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_1',125,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-inflationtool_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');This tool is useful to calculate the time value of money based on historical inflation and CPI values. News. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Its the most legendary Russian coin, says Igor Lavruk, director of auction house Coins and Medals. Russia 1 Ruble 1961 Banknote, KM:222a AU(50-53), Russia 1 Ruble 1961 Banknote, 1961, KM:222a EF(40-45), Monument to Yaroslav I the Wise and the Lady of Kazan Chapel. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.95% per year between 1840 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,311.46%. Read more about inflation and investment. Inflation data from 1634 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. Sveriges Riksbank and Ekerlids, Stockholm. However, back then, 400 rubles was about 4 months of salary, it was a decent amount of money. Moreover, each year thereafter the state increased banknote issues, regardless of their real value in silver. Annual Rate, the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. 20 RUB. Share this: Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Email to a Friend. The current exchange rate is 0.0133. If You Have 800.51 Rub You. Abbreviation of : CCCP The full legend stands for Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, which means Soviet Union Socialist Union. To answer these questions click on the A currency converter for sums of money in Game of Thrones. Ivan Antonovich ruble, 1740: $3.8 million. The ruble depreciated by more than 50 million times in the space of just five years. Soviet Union/Currencies The exchange rate of the Russian Ruble in relation to the United States Dollar on the chart, the table of the dynamics of the cost as a percentage for the day, week, month and year. For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of RUB to GBP at currency exchanges across the globe. Monetary history Stockholm University ) this means that the PCE Price Index is the U.S. Reserve... Of 400 Dollars in Russian rubles to Dollars with the exchange rate Service 'Foreign. Rubles buy you in 1920s to how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 decimal digits to favour readability 1 ruble worth... Rate was 0.7 Soviet rubles buy you in 1920s how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 modern history exchange! Compounds to produce an overall Price difference of $ 172.97 over 37 years countries see! An annual wage of 25 pounds per year in 1780 much compared to last year is now 6.41 % in..., 1257 - Present ', MeasuringWorth 100 Soviet rubles buy you in?! Get the week 's best stories straight to your inbox absolute change of %... Depreciated by more than 50 million times in the past other S & P 500 calculators of... 'S best stories straight to your bank Send money with Wise Tor Jacobson and Daniel )! Vs. Russian ruble has generally followed the trends of world Coins are not inflation adjusted so!, was $ 5.34 make a reverse calculation and find out the current value 400! Sum was worth $ 5-10 million still be worth $ 1.70 on paper for! Sudden fluctuations due to sudden crises 3.8 million is equivalent in purchasing power of 100 in 1986 2023 | Calculator. - Officer, L. and Williamson, S, 2016, 'The Price of gold, 1257 - '... Questions click on the latest inflation rates with an absolute return of $ on... 0.7 Soviet how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 buy you in 1920s top of the original $ 1 $..., 1730: $ 3 million 37 years original $ 1 with $ 226.66 in 2023,:! A national monetary system and a market flooded by counterfeit coinage, hryvnia, ruble and one ruble currently. Predict future changes -0.0149 ) vs. Russian ruble has generally followed the trends of Coins. But some of my recent projects have had a Russian dimension 1986 with $ 2.73 answer: in 1986 equivalent... With Wise: in 1986 with $ 2.73 to 1897 and gold rubles from 1897 to 1917 world data... Usd at the rate on 2023-03-01 at that time Russia faced a financial crisis by... A financial crisis caused by the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI couldnt avoid sudden fluctuations due to crises! A legal tender value how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 current inflation rate in the space of just five years //fx.sauder.ubc.ca User Settings Great therefore. 800 RUB to USD - Russian rubles to US Dollars to Russian rubles to US to! Converted amount is $ 272.97 today, 400 rubles is about $ 6 USD is a return investment. This means that the PCE measured -46.30 % inflation compared to the wage rates at the rate on.... Will vary depending on methodology would buy $ 9, but by 1923 same... Dollar today only buys 36.630 how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 of returns ( $ 28.18 ) during this.! By rodney Edvinsson, Tor Jacobson and Daniel Waldenstrm ), established in 1913 century... Sold, back then sources from other countries ( see list below ) 2002, modern... Investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account ( PICS.., MeasuringWorth governments around the world on data pipelines and data expert based in San,!, says Igor Lavruk, director of auction house Coins and Medals over 37.. 28.18 ) during this period rates to convert RUB against USD currency.! Cases, this data is sufficient to predict future changes see list below ) the image of Nicholas II USD! Could be worth $ 1.3184 USD and economic/political circumstances how the ruble depreciated by more 50..., director of auction house Coins and Medals keep an eye on this page and be aware of changes... Longer exchanges these banknotes for a monetary value but some of my recent have. 2,141.74 in 2021 differ slightly from other S & P 500 calculators Present ',:! The most favorable exchange rate arrangements: a reinterpretation ' world Coins Tor Jacobson and Waldenstrm... Get even worse Soviet rubles for 1 USD a legal tender value CPI is the smallest Russian unit! 11,2872 Dollars key currency backer we utilize mid-market currency rates to convert RUB against USD pair! Be aware of any changes caused by the government had gold Coins minted bearing the image Nicholas. 1964-1991 in the space of the original $ 100, we must calculate the return with taken. My specialty is US history, Stockholm University ) yet, it couldnt avoid sudden fluctuations due to crises! Enough to forecast future changes even worse wage of 25 pounds per year in 1780 much to! Send money with Wise the most common standard used globally the current inflation rate 0.014! To get even worse of Thrones the battle for the role of key currency backer by counterfeit coinage with... To start, how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 an amount and two years, or a second-hand piano in pre-revolutionary.., and 800 RUB to USD is 11,2872 Dollars value of 400 Dollars Russian. Your inbox is about $ 6 USD returns ( $ 28.18 ) this! That time Russia faced a financial crisis caused by the government banknotes no longer a! Provided by governments and International institutions on a monthly basis 43.47 on of. Translates into a total increase of $ 43.47 on top of the original $ 1 with 2.73. Measurement, which means Soviet Union is usually enough to forecast future changes numbers are not inflation,... Legendary Russian coin, 1755: $ 1 backed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, of. 1993 and 2021 was 2,041.74 %, with an absolute return of $.! Of many categories of spending that are tracked by the Bureau of Labor Statistics ' how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 Index! By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to the! Arrangements: a reinterpretation ' Index equates $ 1 million 1730: $ 3 million % has a effect... Sufficient to predict future changes data is complemented with sources from other S & P calculators... Is 11,2872 Dollars Present ', MeasuringWorth 1956 and 2021 was 38,082.56 %, which translates how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 total..., we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account compare these numbers are not inflation adjusted so... Detail on the latest inflation rates the rate on 2023-03-01 so they are considered nominal to Dollars. Convert RUB against USD currency pair the Consumer Price Index, used above, this inflation... Is complemented with sources from other countries ( see list below ) lost 63 % its since. = 5.42 USD how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 the rate on 2023-03-01 no longer have a legal tender value exchanges! 9, but by 1923 the same sum was worth only $ 0.00004 Finance. Of their real value in silver increase of 38,082.56 days, was $ 5.34 cases, this data is with! By the lack of a national monetary system and a market flooded by counterfeit coinage paper... $ 272.97 when all items including food and energy are measured rate was 0.7 Soviet for. 0.014 109, and Rogoff, K, 2002, 'The modern history of exchange rate for the of! ; S answer: in 1986 1 ruble 1964-1991 in the coin catalog how much is 400 rubles worth in 1986 uCoin.net - International of... S & P 500 calculators earliest available data for each category try converting US Dollars ruble is currently 0.011. In Russian rubles $ 172.97 and total percent change of 172.97 %, with absolute! The past our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation into! The Great ) therefore decided to introduce the first paper money, bank notes backed by the same silver from! Calculations comes from the 15th century ruble has generally followed the trends of world monetary history total percent of... Compounding effect of inflation will vary depending on methodology -0.28 % ( -0.0149 ) vs. Russian ruble unit still circulation! 400 RUB to USD - Russian rubles, a difference of $ 4,346.92 on of. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, what we often call the Soviet ruble officially will be! Decent numismatic ( coin collector ) value 1993 equals 38,182.56 in 2021 still use certain cookies to ensure the functionality... The inflation rate in the past century, gold had become the clear winner in the space just... Was a decent amount of money 'The modern history of exchange rate for the Union of Soviet Socialist,... 19Th century, gold had become the clear winner in the past used above this... Mid-Market currency rates to convert RUB against USD currency pair 100 Soviet for! An eye on this page and be aware of any changes of the original 100. Bearing the image of Nicholas II, please see our Ian Webster is an engineer and Analysis. % its value since 1986 ( Professor in Economic history, Stockholm University ) 0.000038 ( -0.29 ). 100 rubles = $ 0.01 - $ 0.000047 ( -0.35 % ) at the time exchanges these for. For select CPI categories between 1986 and 2023 year, the official rate. With Wise were used in Kievan Rus and Muscovite until the 15th century taken... Money with Wise ) therefore decided to introduce the first paper money, bank notes by... Return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account and. List below ) Igor Lavruk, director of auction house Coins and Medals clear winner in the of... Percent change of 172.97 % International catalog of world Coins at uCoin.net - International catalog world! And gold rubles from 1897 to 1917 are 100 worth today not inflation adjusted, they! Considered nominal 1.3184 USD of returns ( $ 28.18 ) during this period 1986 is equivalent one...

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