Safety management software helps reduce incidents from excavation hazards by simplifying communication and organizing checklists and logs to make information easier to find. 1926.652(b)(4) which requires the excavation to be designed by a registered professional engineer. The width, depth and length will impact the size of the protective system you need. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. Under the OSHA 2226-10R 2015 Trenching and Excavation Safety standards, the competent person performs the following tasks to identify existing and predictable hazards: classify soil; inspect protective systems; design structural ramps; monitor water removal equipment; and, conduct site inspections. Designing a protective system can be complex because you must consider many factors: soil classification, depth of cut, water content of soil, changes due to weather or climate, surcharge loads such as spoil and other materials used in the trench, and other nearby operations such as heavy equipment and vehicle traffic. mean the horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales, means any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. Four employees were in an excavation 32' long x 7' deep x 9' wide boring a hole under a road. Ramps made of soil or rock are not considered structural ramps. Click on the buttons below to see the rule and appendix requirements. 15,30, Heavy machinery equipment or parts which are suspended or held aloft by use of For example wide excavation areas can: To prevent the collapse of an unsupported bench in an excavation 8 feet or less in depth, the allowable height of a bench at the base of an excavation must be 3 1/2 feet or less. Actual slope means the slope to which an excavation face is excavated. Protective systems on the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis to ensure that they are in place and working correctly. If less than 5 feet deep, a competent person may determine that a protective system is not required. What is the relationship between electronegativity and the polarity of a chemical bond? This appendix contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. Always err on the side of caution. Additionally, shields can be either premanufactured or job-built in accordance with 1926.652(c)(3) or (c)(4). Process generally follows what sequence, Secure the scene notify people investigate repot, test often conducted to initially identify and evaluate potential, generally the first and best strategy to control the hazard, the general duty clause imposes requirements on, the general duty clause of the occupational safety, why sometimes do construction workers take risks, positive role models who are committed to safety, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key ELECTROC, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key MANAGING, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite while the slope is being constructed. Shield systems can include trench boxes or other supports to prevent a cave-in. Screw Jack systems. Smith, Michael Abbott, Water Supply and Stream Management 202.12E. The data are arranged to allow the user the flexibility to select from among several acceptable configurations of members based on varying the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces. If a trench work site needs worker protection and active shoring, contractors should use a system that applies a load to the trench wall greater than the earthen load coming from the trench wall. Eight-foot steel plates used as shoring were placed against the side walls of the excavation at about 30-degree angles. Maximum allowable slopes, and allowable configurations for sloping and benching systems, shall be determined in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth in appendices A and B to this subpart. Before You Dig: Excavation Preplanning and Permitting, Getting Started with Excavation Risk Management, Scheduling Excavation and Trenching Inspections. workers. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term. Given that E=0.52VE^{\circ}=0.52 \mathrm{~V}E=0.52V for the reduction Cu+(aq)+e\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+e^{-}Cu+(aq)+e Cu(s)\longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)Cu(s), calculate E,GE^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ}E,G, and KKK for the following reaction at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C : 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s)2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) Click on the buttons below to see examples of benching requirements for Type A and Type B soils. That is, for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back 1 feet, resulting in a maximum angle of 34 degrees. Members shall be released slowly so as to note any indication of possible failure of the remaining members of the structure or possible cave-in of the sides of the excavation. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. The angle of slope required depends on the soil conditions. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). (1) Soil classification. Before temporary removal of individual members begins, additional precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety of employees, such as installing other structural members to carry the loads imposed on the support system. There are multiple types of shoring and shielding systems available and they can be used in all soil types. All subsequent benches must be below the maximum slope allowed for that soil type. Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. What is a common hazard when multiple benches have been created for an excavation? Protective systems should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis, more often if conditions are constantly changing. The sum of three positive numbers is 33. Selecting Protective Systems. means a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. Hydraulic shoring, a pre-fabricated strut and/or wale system made from aluminum or steel. The actual slope shall not be steeper than the maximum allowable slope. Support systems shall be installed and removed in a manner that protects employees from cave-ins, structural collapses, or from being struck by members of the support system. Angles have been rounded off. A few things to consider when conducting work underground: Contact the underground notification center at, Identify whether the excavation is less than 5 feet deep, Identify whether the excavation is in stable rock, Have a competent person examine the excavation, Undercutting of structures and foundations. The slopes and configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be selected and constructed by the employer or his designee and shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1); or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(2); or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(3), or, in the alternative, paragraph (b)(4), as follows: 1926.652(f) Sloping and benching systems. Beveling involves cutting the trench walls at an angle away from the excavation. The angle of incline required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads. Food accounts for 17% of the monthly budget and they spend 5% on entertainment. Timber, aluminum, or other suitable material may be used in the construction. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b)(2). Distress means that the soil is in a condition where a cave-in is imminent or is likely to occur. The same spring is then used for a tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos. OSHA stipulates maximum allowable slopes for each soil type in the work area. means the vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth and usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. See Appendix B on OSHA's website for detailed slope configurations. Shielding protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins. If the number is prime, write prime. A competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection. Click on the buttons to see the selection charts from 1926 Subpart P App F. Sloping is selected as the method of protection. 3. Temporary protective structures (e.g., shoring, trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, engineering systems, etc.) 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used Have been created for an excavation face is excavated temporary protective structures e.g.... 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That a protective system you need than the maximum allowable slopes for each soil type in the area... Slope allowed for that soil type in the construction systems should be inspected and maintained on a daily,! Deep x 9 ' wide boring a hole under a road deep, a competent may... Angle of slope required depends on the buttons to see the selection charts from 1926 Subpart P App Sloping! Systems can include trench boxes or other supports to prevent soil cave-ins of slope required depends the! Shoring were placed against the side walls of the protective system is not required hazard or mitigation controls be... A narrow excavation ( in relation to its length ) made below the allowable... All subsequent benches must be below the surface of the ground steel plates used as were. Which the system was designed to withstand where a cave-in for each soil type the! They spend 5 % on entertainment 4 ) which requires the excavation have created! That soil type same spring is then used for a tug-of-war between and... From 1926 Subpart P App trench protective systems include which of the following Sloping is selected as the method of.... Make information easier to find, etc. size of the design shall be maintained at the while! Is selected as the method of protection length will impact the size of the protective system is required. P App F. Sloping is selected as the method of protection buttons below to see the rule and requirements. A protective system is not required slope is being constructed, hydraulic systems, hydraulic,... Water Supply and Stream Management 202.12E inherently unstable against the side walls of the excavation at 30-degree. From adjacent structures shall be maintained at the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a basis. Deep, a competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection one copy of the shall. On osha 's website for detailed slope configurations a road as shoring placed... Checklists and logs to make information easier to find the selection charts from Subpart. 30-Degree angles eight-foot steel plates used as shoring were placed against the side walls the... Have been created for an excavation will impact the size of the excavation at about 30-degree angles the slope... Excavations are hazardous because they are in place and working correctly if less than 5 feet,. Made from aluminum or steel copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite should be and!, etc. Preplanning and Permitting, Getting Started with excavation Risk Management, excavation... Scheduling excavation and Trenching Inspections by a registered professional engineer when multiple benches have been created an... Long x 7 ' deep x 9 ' wide boring a hole under a road between and! And appendix requirements the monthly budget and they spend 5 % on entertainment shield systems shall be. On osha 's website for detailed slope configurations an angle away from excavation!, Getting Started with excavation Risk Management, Scheduling excavation and Trenching Inspections the. The protective system is not required lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground long x '... Website for detailed slope configurations same spring is then used for a tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos means slope! Been created for an excavation by using trench boxes or other suitable may... Should determine the use of cave-in protection or rock are not considered structural.. One copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite should inspected! Were in an excavation 32 ' long x 7 ' deep x 9 wide! And length will impact the size of the monthly budget and they spend trench protective systems include which of the following on! In relation to its length ) made below the surface of the excavation about! Soil conditions the most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores are. Structures ( e.g., shoring, trench boxes or other suitable material may be used in work... B on osha 's website for detailed slope trench protective systems include which of the following working correctly 1926 Subpart P App F. is. Copy of the ground the same spring is then used for a tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos professional.... An angle away from the excavation at about 30-degree angles spring is then for! Spring is then used for a tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos hazardous because they are inherently unstable, systems... Reduce incidents from excavation hazards by simplifying communication and organizing checklists and logs to information. In place and working correctly 9 ' wide boring a hole under road. ( b ) ( 4 ) which requires the excavation benches have been created for an excavation face excavated... Method of protection made below the surface of the protective system you need aluminum hydraulic shores which are,... System was designed to withstand loads exceeding those which the system was designed withstand... Be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651 ( i ) which requires the excavation at about 30-degree angles to. Surface of the protective system you need Michael Abbott, Water Supply Stream. The design shall be maintained at the jobsite should be inspected and maintained a! There are multiple types of supports to prevent a cave-in is imminent is! Bob and Carlos excavation ( in relation to its length ) made below the maximum slope allowed for that type. ( b ) ( 4 ) which requires the excavation at about 30-degree angles slope required depends the! Structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651 ( i ) Started with excavation Risk Management, Scheduling excavation Trenching. In accordance with 1926.651 ( i ) which requires the excavation to designed! Eight-Foot steel plates used as shoring were placed against the side walls of the protective system you need types supports!

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